Peter Kropotkin left a prominent trace in cartography like in all the other areas of his diverse scientific and practical activities. In particular he manifested his talent in the development and elaboration of geographical maps of scarcely explored areas by applying different descriptive materials and cartographic documents. For the first time Kropotkin drew attention to the validity of natives’ knowledge of the local area and their skills to display it in maps which were used by Kropotkin in his topographic research on Transbaikal area. Another significant contribution made by Kropotkin was large-scale implementation of layer-colored mapping as an effective approach for examining earth surface which enabled him to disprove Gumbolt’s viewpoint, prevailed at that period.