In article the political and administrative organization of the Inner Mongolia during the period after Sinkhay revolution and before formation of People's Republic of China when China did not represent uniform force and was dismembering on parts by internal contradictions. The Mongolian peoples gained rich historical experience of the state construction during the most difficult collisions of the first half of the XX century. The author paid considerable attention to the national liberation movement of the Mongolian peoples when there were a creation, development, destruction and again creation of rather complex administrative system.